The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain.
A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system.
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Jump to main content. Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Discovery date Discovered by Daniel Rutherford Origin of the name The name is derived from the Greek 'nitron' and 'genes' meaning nitre forming. Allotropes N 2. Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements.
Appearance The description of the element in its natural form. Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Uses and properties. Image explanation. The wheat sheaf symbol and lightning reflect the importance of nitrogen to living things. Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry. It is used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives. To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.
This is done by the Haber process. Nitrogen gas is also used to provide an unreactive atmosphere. It is used in this way to preserve foods, and in the electronics industry during the production of transistors and diodes. Large quantities of nitrogen are used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products. Annealing is a heat treatment that makes steel easier to work. Liquid nitrogen is often used as a refrigerant.
It is used for storing sperm, eggs and other cells for medical research and reproductive technology. It is also used to rapidly freeze foods, helping them to maintain moisture, colour, flavour and texture.
Biological role. It is taken up by green plants and algae as nitrates, and used to build up the bases needed to construct DNA, RNA and all amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Animals obtain their nitrogen by consuming other living things. They digest the proteins and DNA into their constituent bases and amino acids, reforming them for their own use.
Microbes in the soil convert the nitrogen compounds back to nitrates for the plants to re-use. Crop yields can be greatly increased by adding chemical fertilisers to the soil, manufactured from ammonia. If used carelessly the fertiliser can leach out of the soil into rivers and lakes, causing algae to grow rapidly. This can block out light preventing photosynthesis. These included Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley, and others. They called it "burnt" or" dephlogisticated air," which meant air without oxygen.
Nitrogen gas N 2 makes up The atmosphere of Mars, by comparison, is only 2. From an exhaustible source in our atmosphere, nitrogen gas can be obtained by liquefaction and fractional distillation. Nitrogen is found in all living systems as part of the makeup of biological compounds. The French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier mistakenly named nitrogen azote , meaning without life. However, nitrogen compounds are found in foods, organic materials, fertilizers, poisons, and explosives.
To see this element in action, find a Sub Zero liquid nitrogen ice cream store near you and stop in soon! You must be logged in to post a comment. The Discovery Of Nitrogen The element nitrogen was first discovered in by a chemist named Daniel Rutherford while he was still a student at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Turning Nitrous Gas Into Liquid Nitrogen While Rutherford worked with nitrogen in its gaseous state, over years later scientists discovered how to liquidize it.
What Is Nitrogen Used For? Nitrogen is found in all living things, from algae to people. Nitrogen is crucial to life, but in excess it can also be harmful to the environment. Named after the Greek word nitron , for "native soda," and genes for "forming," nitrogen is the fifth most abundant element in the universe. On the other hand, the atmosphere of Mars is only 2.
In its gas form, nitrogen is colorless, odorless and generally considered as inert. In its liquid form, nitrogen is also colorless and odorless, and looks similar to water, according to Los Alamos. Nitrogen was discovered in by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford, when he removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air, demonstrating that the residual gas would not support living organisms or combustion, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Other scientists, including Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestly, were working on the same problem, and called nitrogen "burnt" air, or air without oxygen.
In , Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier, called nitrogen "azote," which means "lifeless. One of the most important nitrogen compounds is ammonia NH 3 , which can be produced in the so-called Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen.
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