Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Types of HIV Tests. Minus Related Pages. What kinds of tests are available, and how do they work? HIV Testing. HIV Testing Topics. In very rare cases, HIV could potentially be transmitted through a cut or sore in the mouth during oral sex. Out of all types of condomless sex, HIV can most easily be transmitted during anal sex.
This is because the lining of the anus is delicate and prone to damage, which may provide entry points for HIV. Receptive anal sex, often called bottoming, poses more risk for contracting HIV than insertive anal sex, or topping.
HIV can also be transmitted during vaginal sex without a condom, although the vaginal lining is not as susceptible to rips and tears as the anus. The risk of acquiring HIV from oral sex without using a condom or dental dam is very low. It would be possible for HIV to be transmitted if the person giving oral sex has mouth sores or bleeding gums, or if the person receiving oral sex has recently contracted HIV.
In addition to HIV, anal, vaginal, or oral sex without a condom or dental dam can also lead to transmission of other STIs. The most effective way to prevent HIV transmission during sex is to use a condom. Get a condom ready before any sexual contact occurs, since HIV can be transmitted through pre-ejaculate, vaginal fluid, and from the anus. Lubricants can also help reduce the risk of HIV transmission by helping prevent anal or vaginal tears. The right lubricants also help prevent condoms from breaking.
Only water-based lubricants should be used with condoms. Oil-based lube can weaken latex and sometimes cause condoms to break. The use of a dental dam, a small plastic or latex sheet that prevents direct contact between the mouth and the vagina or anus during oral sex, is also effective at reducing the risk of HIV transmission. For people who may have a higher risk of contracting HIV, preventive medication is an option. Another name for antibodies. An antibody is a protein substance produced by the immune system in response to a foreign organism such as bacteria, virus or parasite.
Sometimes also described as a rapid test. While results for this assay when testing plasma were broadly similar to those of equivalent laboratory tests, the window period is likely to be several days longer when testing fingerprick blood, as the test is normally used. A few third-generation rapid, point-of-care tests are available. However, those estimates were based on testing plasma. In practice, tests are usually done on fingerprick blood and the window period is likely to be several days longer.
Third-generation laboratory tests are no longer recommended for use. Their window periods are similar to those of the INSTI third generation rapid test plasma samples , but a little shorter median 23 days. Many rapid, point-of-care tests are described as second generation. As these two substances are detectable sooner after HIV infection than IgG antibodies, second-generation tests have longer window periods.
In practice, tests are usually done on fingerprick blood or oral fluid and the window period is likely to be several days longer. Be sure to check with your insurance provider and your health care provider about reimbursement for tests that are self-purchased.
State laws regarding self-testing vary and may limit availability. Talk to your provider about other testing options. Self-testing allows people to get tested for HIV while still following stay-at-home orders and social distancing practices.
The time between when a person gets HIV and when a test can accurately detect it is called the window period. The window period varies from person to person and also depends upon the type of HIV test. If you get an HIV test after a potential HIV exposure and the result is negative, get tested again after the window period. Remember, you can only be sure you are HIV-negative if:. HIV screening is covered by health insurance without a co-pay, as required by the Affordable Care Act.
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